Parental and trophic transfer of nanoscale plastic debris in an assembled aquatic food chain as a function of particle size
نویسندگان
چکیده
The existing limitations in analytical techniques for characterization and quantification of nanoscale plastic debris (NPD) organisms hinder understanding the parental trophic transfer NPD organisms. Herein, we used iron oxide-doped polystyrene (PS) (Fe-PS-NPD) 270 nm Europium (Eu)-doped PS-NPD (Eu-PS-NPD) 640 to circumvent these evaluate influence particle size on along an algae-daphnids food chain reproduction daphnids fed with NPD-exposed algae. We Fe Eu as proxies Fe-PS-NPD Eu-Ps-NPD, respectively. algae cells (Pseudokirchinella subcapitata) were exposed 4.8 × 1010 particles/L or Eu-PS-NPD 72 h. A high percentage (>60%) was associated algal cells. Only a small fraction (<11%) NPD, however, transferred 21 days uptake higher than those Eu-PS-NPD, indicating that smaller are more likely chains. After exposure Fe-PS-NPD, time first brood prolonged number neonates per adult significantly decreased compared control without any Eu-Ps-NPD. offspring through algae, showed traceable concentration Eu, suggesting from parents offspring. conclude can be chains caused reproductive toxicity function size. Studies weathered endeavored increase environmental realism impacts determined.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Environmental Pollution
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1873-6424', '0269-7491']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116066